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FAMILY Soricidae

Author:G. Fischer, 1814.
Citation:Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrate, 3: x.
Comments:

Shrews form a coherent group which leaves little doubt about its monophyly. One problem still under discussion is the inclusion or exclusion of the extinct Heterosoricinae Viret and Zapfe, 1951. Many authors include them in Soricidae as a subfamily (Engesser, 1975; Jammot, 1983; McKenna and Bell, 1997; Repenning, 1967; Storch and Qiu, 1991; Storch et al., 1998), others prefer family level for the Heterosoricinae (Harris, 1998; Reumer, 1987, 1998; Rzebik-Kowalska, 1998). If one compares the concepts expressed by Repenning (1967), Gureev (1971, 1979), Jammot (1983), George (1983), Reumer (1987, 1998), or Hutterer et al. (2002b), the subfamiliar and tribal subdivision of the Soricidae is not well resolved. Here I adopt a slightly modified system which is principally based on Reumer (1998). A strict phylogenetic classification however could include all extant shrews within a subfamily Soricinae, with Crocidurini, Myosoricini, and Soricini as tribes (Hutterer et al., 2002b; Stanley and Hutterer, 2000). Recognition of these three clades is supported by allozyme data (Maddalena and Bronner, 1992) and by RNA sequence data (Querouil et al., 2001). Yet, for practical reasons, I retain these clades at the subfamily level and use tribal subdivisions where appropriate. Lopatin (2002) recently named another new subfamily Soricolestinae for "the earliest and most primitive shrew" from the Middle Eocene of Mongolia.

Family-wide reviews are available on natural history (Churchfield, 1990), hair structure (Ducommun et al., 1994), external morphology (Hutterer, 1985), dental adaptations (Dannelid, 1998), and chromosomal evolution (Zima et al., 1998), protein evolution (Ruedi, 1998), life histories and energetic strategies (Innes, 1994; Taylor, 1998), and social systems (Rychlik, 1998). Congress volumes of interest covering a wide array of aspects include Findley and Yates (1991), Merritt et al. (1994), Zima et al. (1994), Hanski and Pankakoski (1998), and Wojcik and Wolsan (1998). Conservation aspects are dealt with in the IUCN action plans for Africa (Nicoll and Rathbun, 1990) and Eurasia (Stone, 1995). All African shrew species were re-assessed in January 2004 at a Global Mammal Assessment workshop in London, resulting in new IUCN ratings for many species. For the most current conservation status, the reader should consult the IUCN website (www.redlist.org).

The fossil history of shrews was reviewed by Repenning (1967) and Reumer (1994, 1995); excellent regional reviews cover Africa (Butler, 1998), Asia (Storch et al., 1998), Europe (Rzebik-Kowalska, 1998), and North America (Harris, 1998; see also Hutchison and Harington, 2002). Asher et al. (2002) convincingly identified the Eocene Parapternodontidae as the sister taxon of the Soricidae. Some genetic studies suggest a closer relationship of shrews to bats (e.g., Narita et al., 2001), but these studies did not include relevant fossil taxa identified by Asher et al. (2002). The earliest remains of shrews are known from the Eocene of North America (Harris, 1998), Oligocene of Eurasia (Rzebik-Kowalska, 1998; Storch et al., 1998), and Miocene of Africa (Butler, 1998). Presumedly older taxa such as Cretasorex (Nesov and Gureev, 1981) from the Upper Cretaceous of Uzbekistan and Ernosorex (Wang and Li, 1990) from the Eocene of China were assigned to this family, but the first was probably based on a contaminant (Nessov et al., 1994), and the second subsequently transferred to the family Changlelestidae (Tong and Wang, 1993). Fossil shrews are known from the High Arctic in the north (Hutchison and Harington, 2002) to South Africa in the south (Butler, 1998). The fossil and recent diversity is highest in Africa, Eurasia, and North America, but northern South America and the Indomalayan Region also house a rich, though younger radiation.

Illustrated textbooks or reviews are available for a number of larger geographical units, such as North America (Hall, 1981; Wilson and Ruff, 1999), Europe (Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999; Niethammer and Krapp, 1990), Russia (Nesterenko, 1999; Yudin, 1989), Japan (Imaizumi, 1970), Arabia and Asia Minor (Harrison and Bates, 1991; Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001), Pakistan (Roberts, 1997), the Indomalayan Region (Corbet and Hill, 1992), or southern Africa (Mills and Hes, 1997; Smithers, 1983). Sources for common names are Wolsan and Hutterer (1998) and Wilson and Cole (2000).

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Offspring:

SUBFAMILY Crocidurinae

GENUS Crocidura

SPECIES aleksandrisi

SPECIES allex

SPECIES andamanensis

SPECIES ansellorum

SPECIES arabica

SPECIES arispa

SPECIES armenica

SPECIES attenuata

SPECIES attila

SPECIES baileyi

SPECIES baluensis

SPECIES batesi

SPECIES beatus

SPECIES beccarii

SPECIES bottegi

SPECIES bottegoides

SPECIES brunnea

SUBSPECIES brunnea

SUBSPECIES pudjonica

SPECIES buettikoferi

SPECIES caliginea

SPECIES canariensis

SPECIES caspica

SPECIES cinderella

SPECIES congobelgica

SPECIES crenata

SPECIES crossei

SPECIES cyanea

SPECIES denti

SPECIES desperata

SPECIES dhofarensis

SPECIES dolichura

SPECIES douceti

SPECIES dsinezumi

SPECIES eisentrauti

SPECIES elgonius

SPECIES elongata

SPECIES erica

SPECIES fischeri

SPECIES flavescens

SPECIES floweri

SPECIES foetida

SUBSPECIES foetida

SUBSPECIES doriae

SUBSPECIES kelabit

SPECIES foxi

SPECIES fuliginosa

SUBSPECIES fuliginosa

SUBSPECIES dracula

SPECIES fulvastra

SPECIES fumosa

SPECIES fuscomurina

SPECIES glassi

SPECIES gmelini

SPECIES goliath

SUBSPECIES goliath

SUBSPECIES nimbasilvanus

SPECIES gracilipes

SPECIES grandiceps

SPECIES grandis

SPECIES grassei

SPECIES grayi

SPECIES greenwoodi

SPECIES harenna

SPECIES hildegardeae

SPECIES hilliana

SPECIES hirta

SPECIES hispida

SPECIES horsfieldii

SPECIES hutanis

SPECIES ichnusae

SPECIES indochinensis

SPECIES jacksoni

SPECIES jenkinsi

SPECIES jouvenetae

SPECIES katinka

SPECIES kivuana

SPECIES lamottei

SUBSPECIES lamottei

SUBSPECIES elegans

SPECIES lanosa

SPECIES lasiura

SPECIES latona

SPECIES lea

SPECIES lepidura

SPECIES leucodon

SPECIES levicula

SPECIES littoralis

SPECIES longipes

SPECIES lucina

SPECIES ludia

SPECIES luna

SPECIES lusitania

SPECIES macarthuri

SPECIES macmillani

SPECIES macowi

SPECIES malayana

SPECIES manengubae

SPECIES maquassiensis

SPECIES mariquensis

SUBSPECIES mariquensis

SUBSPECIES neavei

SUBSPECIES shortridgei

SPECIES maurisca

SPECIES maxi

SPECIES mindorus

SPECIES miya

SPECIES monax

SPECIES monticola

SPECIES montis

SPECIES muricauda

SPECIES musseri

SPECIES mutesae

SPECIES nana

SPECIES nanilla

SPECIES negligens

SPECIES negrina

SPECIES nicobarica

SPECIES nigeriae

SPECIES nigricans

SPECIES nigripes

SUBSPECIES nigripes

SUBSPECIES lipara

SPECIES nigrofusca

SPECIES nimbae

SPECIES niobe

SPECIES obscurior

SPECIES olivieri

SUBSPECIES olivieri

SUBSPECIES anchietae

SUBSPECIES bueae

SUBSPECIES cara

SUBSPECIES cinereoaenea

SUBSPECIES darfurea

SUBSPECIES giffardi

SUBSPECIES guineensis

SUBSPECIES hansruppi

SUBSPECIES hedenborgiana

SUBSPECIES kivu

SUBSPECIES manni

SUBSPECIES martiensseni

SUBSPECIES nyansae

SUBSPECIES occidentalis

SUBSPECIES odorata

SUBSPECIES spurelli

SUBSPECIES sururae

SUBSPECIES toritensis

SUBSPECIES zuleika

SPECIES orientalis

SUBSPECIES orientalis

SUBSPECIES lawuana

SPECIES orii

SPECIES palawanensis

SPECIES paradoxura

SPECIES parvipes

SPECIES pasha

SPECIES pergrisea

SPECIES phaeura

SPECIES picea

SPECIES pitmani

SPECIES planiceps

SPECIES poensis

SPECIES polia

SPECIES pullata

SPECIES raineyi

SPECIES ramona

SPECIES rapax

SUBSPECIES rapax

SUBSPECIES kurodai

SUBSPECIES lutaoensis

SUBSPECIES tadae

SPECIES religiosa

SPECIES rhoditis

SPECIES roosevelti

SPECIES russula

SUBSPECIES russula

SUBSPECIES cintrae

SUBSPECIES osorio

SUBSPECIES peta

SUBSPECIES pulchra

SUBSPECIES yebalensis

SPECIES selina

SPECIES serezkyensis

SPECIES shantungensis

SUBSPECIES shantungensis

SUBSPECIES quelpartis

SPECIES sibirica

SPECIES sicula

SUBSPECIES sicula

SUBSPECIES aegatensis

SUBSPECIES calypso

SUBSPECIES esuae

SPECIES silacea

SPECIES smithii

SUBSPECIES smithii

SUBSPECIES debalsaci

SPECIES somalica

SPECIES stenocephala

SPECIES suaveolens

SPECIES susiana

SPECIES tanakae

SPECIES tansaniana

SPECIES tarella

SPECIES tarfayensis

SPECIES telfordi

SPECIES tenuis

SPECIES thalia

SPECIES theresae

SPECIES thomensis

SPECIES trichura

SPECIES turba

SPECIES ultima

SPECIES usambarae

SPECIES viaria

SPECIES virgata

SPECIES voi

SPECIES vorax

SPECIES vosmaeri

SPECIES watasei

SPECIES whitakeri

SPECIES wimmeri

SPECIES wuchihensis

SPECIES xantippe

SPECIES yankariensis

SPECIES zaphiri

SPECIES zarudnyi

SPECIES zimmeri

SPECIES zimmermanni

GENUS Diplomesodon

SPECIES pulchellum

GENUS Feroculus

SPECIES feroculus

GENUS Paracrocidura

SPECIES graueri

SPECIES maxima

SPECIES schoutedeni

GENUS Ruwenzorisorex

SPECIES suncoides

GENUS Scutisorex

SPECIES somereni

GENUS Solisorex

SPECIES pearsoni

GENUS Suncus

SPECIES aequatorius

SPECIES ater

SPECIES dayi

SPECIES etruscus

SPECIES fellowesgordoni

SPECIES hosei

SPECIES infinitesimus

SPECIES lixus

SPECIES madagascariensis

SPECIES malayanus

SPECIES megalura

SPECIES mertensi

SPECIES montanus

SUBSPECIES montanus

SUBSPECIES niger

SPECIES murinus

SPECIES remyi

SPECIES stoliczkanus

SPECIES varilla

SPECIES zeylanicus

GENUS Sylvisorex

SPECIES camerunensis

SPECIES granti

SUBSPECIES granti

SUBSPECIES mundus

SPECIES howelli

SUBSPECIES howelli

SUBSPECIES usambarensis

SPECIES isabellae

SPECIES johnstoni

SPECIES konganensis

SPECIES lunaris

SPECIES morio

SPECIES ollula

SPECIES oriundus

SPECIES pluvialis

SPECIES vulcanorum

SUBFAMILY Myosoricinae

GENUS Congosorex

SPECIES polli

SPECIES verheyeni

GENUS Myosorex

SPECIES babaulti

SPECIES blarina

SPECIES cafer

SPECIES eisentrauti

SPECIES geata

SPECIES kihaulei

SPECIES longicaudatus

SUBSPECIES longicaudatus

SUBSPECIES boosmani

SPECIES okuensis

SPECIES rumpii

SPECIES schalleri

SPECIES sclateri

SPECIES tenuis

SPECIES varius

SPECIES zinki

GENUS Surdisorex

SPECIES norae

SPECIES polulus

SUBFAMILY Soricinae

TRIBE Anourosoricini

GENUS Anourosorex

SPECIES assamensis

SPECIES schmidi

SPECIES squamipes

SPECIES yamashinai

TRIBE Blarinellini

GENUS Blarinella

SPECIES griselda

SPECIES quadraticauda

SPECIES wardi

TRIBE Blarinini

GENUS Blarina

SPECIES brevicauda

SUBSPECIES brevicauda

SUBSPECIES aloga

SUBSPECIES angusta

SUBSPECIES churchi

SUBSPECIES compacta

SUBSPECIES hooperi

SUBSPECIES kirtlandi

SUBSPECIES manitobensis

SUBSPECIES pallida

SUBSPECIES talpoides

SUBSPECIES telmalestes

SPECIES carolinensis

SUBSPECIES carolinensis

SUBSPECIES minima

SUBSPECIES shermani

SPECIES hylophaga

SUBSPECIES hylophaga

SUBSPECIES plumbea

SPECIES peninsulae

GENUS Cryptotis

SPECIES alticola

SPECIES brachyonyx

SPECIES colombiana

SPECIES endersi

SPECIES equatoris

SPECIES goldmani

SUBSPECIES goldmani

SUBSPECIES machetes

SPECIES goodwini

SPECIES gracilis

SPECIES griseoventris

SPECIES hondurensis

SPECIES magna

SPECIES mayensis

SPECIES medellinia

SPECIES mera

SPECIES meridensis

SPECIES merriami

SPECIES mexicana

SPECIES montivaga

SPECIES nelsoni

SPECIES nigrescens

SPECIES obscura

SPECIES orophila

SPECIES parva

SUBSPECIES parva

SUBSPECIES berlandieri

SUBSPECIES floridana

SUBSPECIES pueblensis

SUBSPECIES soricina

SPECIES peregrina

SPECIES peruviensis

SPECIES phillipsii

SPECIES squamipes

SPECIES tamensis

SPECIES thomasi

SPECIES tropicalis

TRIBE Nectogalini

GENUS Chimarrogale

SPECIES hantu

SPECIES himalayica

SPECIES phaeura

SPECIES platycephalus

SPECIES styani

SPECIES sumatrana

GENUS Chodsigoa

SPECIES caovansunga

SPECIES hypsibia

SPECIES lamula

SPECIES parca

SUBSPECIES parca

SUBSPECIES furva

SUBSPECIES lowei

SPECIES parva

SPECIES salenskii

SPECIES smithii

SPECIES sodalis

GENUS Episoriculus

SPECIES caudatus

SUBSPECIES caudatus

SUBSPECIES sacratus

SUBSPECIES umbrinus

SPECIES fumidus

SPECIES leucops

SUBSPECIES leucops

SUBSPECIES baileyi

SPECIES macrurus

GENUS Nectogale

SPECIES elegans

GENUS Neomys

SPECIES anomalus

SPECIES fodiens

SPECIES teres

GENUS Nesiotites

SPECIES hidalgo

SPECIES similis

GENUS Soriculus

SPECIES nigrescens

SUBSPECIES nigrescens

SUBSPECIES minor

TRIBE Notiosoricini

GENUS Megasorex

SPECIES gigas

GENUS Notiosorex

SPECIES cockrumi

SPECIES crawfordi

SPECIES evotis

SPECIES villai

TRIBE Soricini

GENUS Sorex

SPECIES arizonae

SPECIES emarginatus

SPECIES merriami

SPECIES minutissimus

SPECIES planiceps

SPECIES saussurei

SUBSPECIES saussurei

SUBSPECIES godmani

SPECIES sclateri

SPECIES stizodon

SPECIES thibetanus

SPECIES trowbridgii

SUBSPECIES trowbridgii

SUBSPECIES destructioni

SUBSPECIES humboldtensis

SUBSPECIES mariposae

SUBSPECIES montereyensis

SPECIES ventralis

SPECIES veraecrucis

SUBSPECIES veraecrucis

SUBSPECIES cristobalensis

SUBSPECIES oaxacae

SUBGENUS Sorex

SPECIES alpinus

SPECIES antinorii

SPECIES araneus

SPECIES arcticus

SUBSPECIES arcticus

SUBSPECIES laricorum

SPECIES arunchi

SPECIES asper

SPECIES averini

SPECIES bedfordiae

SPECIES buchariensis

SPECIES caecutiens

SPECIES cansulus

SPECIES coronatus

SPECIES cylindricauda

SPECIES daphaenodon

SUBSPECIES daphaenodon

SUBSPECIES sanguinidens

SUBSPECIES scaloni

SPECIES excelsus

SPECIES gracillimus

SUBSPECIES gracillimus

SUBSPECIES granti

SUBSPECIES hyojironis

SUBSPECIES minor

SUBSPECIES natalae

SPECIES granarius

SPECIES hosonoi

SPECIES isodon

SPECIES kozlovi

SPECIES maritimensis

SPECIES minutus

SPECIES raddei

SPECIES roboratus

SPECIES samniticus

SPECIES satunini

SPECIES shinto

SUBSPECIES shinto

SUBSPECIES sadonis

SUBSPECIES shikokensis

SPECIES sinalis

SPECIES tundrensis

SPECIES unguiculatus

SPECIES volnuchini

SUBSPECIES volnuchini

SUBSPECIES dahli

SPECIES yukonicus

SUBGENUS Ognevia

SPECIES mirabilis

SUBGENUS Otisorex

SPECIES alaskanus

SPECIES bairdi

SUBSPECIES bairdi

SUBSPECIES permiliensis

SPECIES bendirii

SUBSPECIES bendirii

SUBSPECIES albiventer

SUBSPECIES palmeri

SPECIES camtschatica

SPECIES cinereus

SUBSPECIES cinereus

SUBSPECIES acadicus

SUBSPECIES fontinalis

SUBSPECIES hollisteri

SUBSPECIES lesueurii

SUBSPECIES miscix

SUBSPECIES ohionensis

SUBSPECIES streatori

SPECIES dispar

SUBSPECIES dispar

SUBSPECIES blitchi

SPECIES fumeus

SUBSPECIES fumeus

SUBSPECIES umbrosus

SPECIES gaspensis

SPECIES haydeni

SPECIES hoyi

SUBSPECIES hoyi

SUBSPECIES alnorum

SUBSPECIES eximius

SUBSPECIES montanus

SUBSPECIES thompsoni

SUBSPECIES winnemana

SPECIES jacksoni

SPECIES leucogaster

SPECIES longirostris

SUBSPECIES longirostris

SUBSPECIES eonis

SUBSPECIES fisheri

SPECIES lyelli

SPECIES macrodon

SPECIES milleri

SPECIES monticolus

SUBSPECIES monticolus

SUBSPECIES alascensis

SUBSPECIES calvertensis

SUBSPECIES elassodon

SUBSPECIES insularis

SUBSPECIES isolatus

SUBSPECIES longicaudus

SUBSPECIES malitiosus

SUBSPECIES obscurus

SUBSPECIES parvidens

SUBSPECIES prevostensis

SUBSPECIES setosus

SUBSPECIES shumaginensis

SUBSPECIES soperi

SPECIES nanus

SPECIES neomexicanus

SPECIES oreopolus

SPECIES orizabae

SPECIES ornatus

SUBSPECIES ornatus

SUBSPECIES juncensis

SUBSPECIES lagunae

SUBSPECIES relictus

SUBSPECIES salarius

SUBSPECIES salicornicus

SUBSPECIES sinuosus

SUBSPECIES willetti

SPECIES pacificus

SUBSPECIES pacificus

SUBSPECIES cascadensis

SPECIES palustris

SUBSPECIES palustris

SUBSPECIES albibarbis

SUBSPECIES brooksi

SUBSPECIES gloveralleni

SUBSPECIES hydrobadistes

SUBSPECIES labradorensis

SUBSPECIES navigator

SUBSPECIES punctulatus

SUBSPECIES turneri

SPECIES portenkoi

SPECIES preblei

SPECIES pribilofensis

SPECIES sonomae

SUBSPECIES sonomae

SUBSPECIES tenelliodus

SPECIES tenellus

SPECIES ugyunak

SPECIES vagrans

SUBSPECIES vagrans

SUBSPECIES halicoetes

SUBSPECIES paludivagus

SPECIES veraepacis

SUBSPECIES veraepacis

SUBSPECIES chiapensis

SUBSPECIES mutabilis

Synonyms:

    Sorexineae Lesson, 1842
    Soricinorum G. Fischer, 1814

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