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FAMILY Ctenomyidae

Author:Lesson, 1842.
Citation:Nouv. Tabl. Règne Animal., Mamm.: 105.
Comments:This assemblage of approximately 85 named taxa is still in need of revision. The species are variable in chromosome number (2n=10-70), but fairly uniform in morphology, suggesting that the major radiation of species was in the Pleistocene (Roig and Reig, 1969; Reig et al., 1990b). Cook and Lessa (1998) and Lessa and Cook (1998) suggested an early burst in diversification. Ctenomys is most closely allied to Octodontomys. Whether the group should be recognized as a subfamily (Ctenomyinae, Reig, 1958), or as a family is debated. Although recognition as a subfamily within the Octodontidae best reflects the evolutionary history of this group, it is more common to treat the group as a distinct family specialized for fossorial life. McKenna and Bell (1997) considered it a tribe within the Octodontinae. Glanz and Anderson (1990) gave a cladogram and list of synapomorphies for the Ctenomyidae. Reig et al. (1990b) suggested that there might be as many as 55 living species. Here 60 species are recognized, many primarily based on descriptions of unique karyotypes in allopatric populations. In addition, several undescribed forms appear to represent distinct species (Anderson, 1997; Giménez et al. 1999; Lessa and Cook, 1998; Massarini et al., 1991a). See Reig et al. (1990b) for an overview of ctenomyid taxonomy and Reig et al. (1992), Ortells (1995), and Bidau et al. (1996) for a review of karyotypic variation. The importance of chromosomal rearrangements in the speciation of Ctenomyids was suggested by Reig (1989) and Reig et al. (1990); Rossi et al. (1990, 1995) suggested a possible mechanism for the extensive rearrangements. See also Cook et al. (1990) for a discussion of the possible significance of the extensive chromosomal variation in Ctenomys and octodontids (2n=10-102), which is nearly as great as the known variation for all mammals. Sage et al. (1986a) characterized this genus as being in a state of "taxonomic chaos", though progress has been made in recent years in the study of several species groups using banded karyotypes (Gallardo, 1991; Ortells, 1995), protein electrophoresis (Cook and Yates, 1994; Gallardo and Kohler, 1992; Gallardo and Palma, 1992; Moreira et al., 1991; Ortells and Barrantes, 1994), and DNA sequencing (D’Elía et al., 1999; Lessa and Cook, 1998).
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GENUS Ctenomys

SPECIES argentinus

SPECIES australis

SPECIES azarae

SPECIES bergi

SPECIES boliviensis

SUBSPECIES boliviensis

SUBSPECIES nattereri

SPECIES bonettoi

SPECIES brasiliensis

SPECIES budini

SUBSPECIES budini

SUBSPECIES barbarus

SPECIES colburni

SPECIES coludo

SPECIES conoveri

SPECIES coyhaiquensis

SPECIES dorbignyi

SPECIES dorsalis

SPECIES emilianus

SPECIES famosus

SPECIES flamarioni

SPECIES fochi

SPECIES fodax

SPECIES frater

SUBSPECIES frater

SUBSPECIES mordosus

SPECIES fulvus

SUBSPECIES fulvus

SUBSPECIES robustus

SPECIES goodfellowi

SPECIES haigi

SUBSPECIES haigi

SUBSPECIES lentulus

SPECIES johannis

SPECIES juris

SPECIES knighti

SPECIES lami

SPECIES latro

SPECIES leucodon

SPECIES lewisi

SPECIES magellanicus

SUBSPECIES magellanicus

SUBSPECIES dicki

SUBSPECIES fueginus

SUBSPECIES osgoodi

SPECIES maulinus

SUBSPECIES maulinus

SUBSPECIES brunneus

SPECIES mendocinus

SPECIES minutus

SUBSPECIES minutus

SUBSPECIES bicolor

SPECIES occultus

SPECIES opimus

SUBSPECIES opimus

SUBSPECIES luteolus

SUBSPECIES nigriceps

SPECIES osvaldoreigi

SPECIES pearsoni

SPECIES perrensi

SPECIES peruanus

SPECIES pilarensis

SPECIES pontifex

SPECIES porteousi

SPECIES pundti

SPECIES rionegrensis

SPECIES roigi

SPECIES saltarius

SPECIES scagliai

SPECIES sericeus

SPECIES sociabilis

SPECIES steinbachi

SPECIES sylvanus

SUBSPECIES sylvanus

SUBSPECIES utibilis

SPECIES talarum

SUBSPECIES talarum

SUBSPECIES antonii

SUBSPECIES occidentalis

SUBSPECIES recessus

SPECIES torquatus

SPECIES tuconax

SPECIES tucumanus

SPECIES tulduco

SPECIES validus

SPECIES viperinus

SPECIES yolandae

Synonyms:


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