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INFRAORDER HYSTRICOGNATHI

Author:Brandt, 1855.
Comments:Originally used as a tribe (Tribus) by Tullberg under his Order Glires, Suborder Simplicidentati, the first time this natural group was united together without various hystricomorphous forms. Includes: Hystricidae, Thryonomyoidea, Bathyergoidea, "Caviomorpha", and the Eocene-Oligocene Franimorpha. See Tullberg (1899:69-71) and Wood (1985:478-495) for definitions of hystricognath characters and lists of taxa. The Ctenodactylidae have been identified as the sister taxon of the Hystricognathi from analyses of molecular data (Adkins et al., 2003; Huchon et al., 2000) and Huchon et al. (2000) suggested that the two taxa be recognized as the Ctenohystricha. The name Ctenohystricha is predated by Entodacrya Landry, 1999. Woods (1993) suggested that the term "Caviomorpha" was inappropriate since it was unlikely that all New World forms were part of a single radiation, however, molecular data (Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994) have consistently found that the Caviomorpha form a monophyletic assemblage distinct from the Old World Phiomorpha. Molecular data also support the division of the New World hystricognaths into superfamily groupings (Chinchilloidea, Cavioidea, Erethizontoidea, and Octodontoidea) suggested by Woods (1982). McKenna and Bell (1997) divided the Hystricognathi into two parvorders the Bathyergomorphi containing the Bathyergidae and the Caviida including all of the New World families of Hystricognathi with the exception of the Erethizontidae. The Erethizontidae, Hystrichidae, Thryonomyidae and Petromuridae were not assigned to either parvorder. Although molecular data (Huchon and Douzery, 2001) support the distinctiveness of the Hystricidae, the Erethizontidae are clearly part of a New World clade and the Bathyergidae form a clade with the Thryonomyidae and Petromuridae (Huchon and Douzery, 2001; Nedbal et al., 1994).
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