Linguistics 110 Linguistic Analysis: Sentences & Dialects
Lecture Number Twenty
Regional English Dialects
Southern USA
Regional Variation (Continued)
The South (Rural)
Phonological variation
[aj] : [A]
[Ø] : [aw]
Your hawg ate ma dawg! We gotta tawk.
[z] : [d] before [n]
Nice bidnis, idn't it?
vs.
niceness
[ê] : [ø] before [n]
Do you keep your pet in a pen
?
[l] : [u], [r] : ¤ unless followed by a vowel
build, milk, killed
:
allow, low, Lee
carved, car, here
:
ready, already, arrow
[ow] : [r] ––
swaller, holler, yeller, waller, foller
drop initial unaccented schwas
'round, 'low, 'gree
Overcompensation: [ivr] [kjubr] [sofr]
sody, okry, sofy (Appalachia)
Morphological variation
(over) here, (over) there, (over) yonder
participle prefixes:
a-goin, a-comin, a-gon' (a-gonna), a-fixin to do it, a-eatin
2nd Person Plual:
yall
Predicate possessive pronouns:
Predicate Pronouns
Singular
Plural
mine
ourn
yourn
yalls(es)
hern, hisn
theirn
Past tense (de)regularization
heerd, seen (seed)
,
holp, et, killt,
them people
Syntactic variation.
Complementizer
what
[ÅÏt]
The feller over yonder what made me mad is kin a yourn
Conditional
if'n
Lexical Variation
fixin'
I declare
reckon
tubber shore
directly
mighty, awfully
(no 'very')
gotta, hafta
(no 'must')
Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837
©1997
|
Robert Beard