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HOME --> CLASS MAMMALIA
--> ORDER RODENTIA
--> SUBORDER MYOMORPHA
--> SUPERFAMILY Muroidea
--> FAMILY Cricetidae
--> SUBFAMILY Arvicolinae
--> GENUS Microtus
--> SUBGENUS Mynomes
SPECIES Microtus (Mynomes) pennsylvanicus
| Author: | Ord, 1815. | | Citation: | In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comml., Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed., 2: 292. | | Common Name: | Meadow Vole | | Type Locality: | USA, Pennsylvania, "meadows below Philadelphia." | | Distribution: | Meadowlands interspersed across boreal and mixed coniferous-deciduous biomes of North America: C Alaska to Labrador, including Newfoundland and Prince Edward Isl, Canada; south in Rocky Mountains to N New Mexico, in Great Plains to N Kansas (see Frey and Moore, 1990), and in Appalachians and along eastern seaboard to N Georgia and South Carolina, USA; outlier populations in W New Mexico and peninsular Florida, USA, and in N Chihuahua, México. | | Status: | U.S. ESA—Endangered as M. p. dukecampbelli; IUCN – Vulnerable as M. p. dukecampbelli, Lower Risk (nt) as M. p. admiraltiae, M. p. kincaidi, M. p. provectus, and M. p. shattucki, not evaluated as M. p. chihuahuensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). | | Comments: | Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Proposed as conspecific with Old World M. agrestis by Klimkiewicz (1970), but G-banded chromosomal differences support their recognition as distinct species (Modi, 1987; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986). Aside from the probable insular derivative M. breweri (see that account), pennsylvanicus is closely related to M. montanus and M. townsendii among New World species (see Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Insular form provectus relegated to subspecific status by Chamberlain (1954) and Moyer et al. (1988), and nesophilus by Jones et al. (1986). Regional studies of variation undertaken (e.g., Anderson, 1956; Anderson and Hubbard, 1971; Weddle and Choate, 1983), but comprehensive review of entire species warranted. Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetational and climatic changes discussed by Woods et al. (1982) apropos isolation of the Florida population (dukecambelli) and other arvicoline austral relicts. Intricate study of M3 variation in fossil and extant samples conducted by Barnosky (1993), who attempted to infer microevolutionary processes from broad stratigraphic and geographic patterns. See Reich (1981, Mammalian Species, 159). |
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| Offspring: | Synonyms:
acadicus Bangs, 1897
admiraltiae Heller, 1909
alborufescens (Emmons, 1840)
alcorni Baker, 1951
aphorodemus Preble, 1902
arcticus Cowan, 1951
aztecus (J. A. Allen, 1893)
chihuahuensis Bradley and Cockrum, 1968
copelandi Youngman, 1967
dekayi (Audubon and Bachman, 1854)
drummondii (Audubon and Bachman, 1853)
stonei J. A. Allen, 1899
dukecampbelli Woods, Post, and Kilpatrick, 1982
enixus Bangs, 1896
finitus S. Anderson, 1956
fontigenus Bangs, 1896
fulva (Audubon and Bachman, 1841)
funebris Dale, 1940
hirsutus (Emmons, 1840)
inspectus (J. A. Allen, 1899)
insperatus (J. A. Allen, 1894)
insularis Bailey, 1898
kincaidi Dalquest, 1941
labradorius Bailey, 1898
longipilis (Baird, 1857)
magdalenensis Youngman, 1967
microcephalus (Rhoads, 1894)
modestus (Baird, 1857)
nasuta (Audubon and Bachman, 1841)
nesophilus Bailey, 1898
nigrans Rhoads, 1897
noveboracensis (Rafinesque, 1820)
oneida (DeKay, 1842)
palustris (Harlan, 1825)
pratensis (Rafinesque, 1817)
provectus Bangs, 1908
pullatus S. Anderson, 1956
riparius (Ord, 1825)
rubidus Dale, 1940
rufescens (DeKay, 1842)
rufidorsum (Baird, 1857)
shattucki Howe, 1901
tananaensis Baker, 1951
terraenovae (Bangs, 1894)
uligocola S. Anderson, 1956
wahema Bailey, 1920
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