Akodontini. Reig (1987:36) viewed Juscelinomys as "an akodontine closely related to Oxymycterus and Lenoxus," an assessment consistent with initial parsimony analyses using cytochrome b data (Emmons, 1999b). In evaluations of cytochrome b and IRBP sequences, Juscelinomys is portrayed as sister genus to Oxymycterus and more distantly related to Lenoxus (D’Elía, 2003). Morphological discrimination from Oxymycterus and Brucepattersonius amplified by Emmons (1999b). Collection of additional series is necessary to corroborate the distinction of the described species and to amplify their distributions.

Moojen (1965) provisionally referred Winge’s (1887) Oxymycterus talpinus to Juscelinomys. Langguth (in Fonseca et al., 1996) commented that the form, known to date only as a subfossil, should not be acknowledged as a recent species (e.g., Musser and Carleton, 1993), but in view of the rediscoveries of other species described first as fossils from the Lagoa Santa deposits (e.g.: Bibimys labiosus, Blarinomys breviceps, Lundomys molitor, Pseudoryzomys simplex) or those named subfossils listed as synonyms of living species (e.g.: principalis of Kunsia tomentosus, coronatus of Oryzomys russatus), such a conclusion may be premature (also see Voss and Myers, 1991). In any case, the possible status of talpinus as senior synonym for other Juscelinomys taxa should await critical comparisons and analyses of the type and all known specimens.