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SPECIES Maxomys whiteheadi

Author:Thomas, 1894.
Citation:Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 14: 452.
Common Name:Whitehead’s Sundaic Maxomys
Type Locality:Malaysia, Sabah (N Borneo), Gunung Kinabalu.
Distribution:Peninsular Thailand south of Isthmus of Kra, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Borneo, and various adjacent islands; absent from Java and Bali; see Corbet and Hill (1992) and Musser et al. (1979).
Status:IUCN – Lower Risk (lc).
Comments:A Sundaic endemic. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951) included whiteheadi in the Sulawesi M. musschenbroekii, but the two are separate species (Chasen, 1940; Medway, 1977; Musser, 1991; Musser et al., 1979; Tate, 1936). Spermatozoal morphology (Breed and Yong, 1986) and data from biochemical, morphological, and cytological studies (Chan et al., 1978, 1979; Yong, 1969) pointed to a close relationship between M. whiteheadi and the Malayan M. inas. Md Nor (1996) documented occurrence of M. whiteheadi on the small islands off the tip of N Sabah. Generally a lowland species on Borneo, it does reach 2100 m on the slopes of Mt Kinabalu (Md Nor, 2001, and references cited therein). Noticeable geographic variation in pelage coloration and aspects of cranial morphology exists among insular samples on the Sunda Shelf, but its significance has yet to be determined. However, phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences by Gorog et al. (2004) identified a clade containing two separate lineages on Borneo and another clade containing samples from Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. Significance of this pattern is discussed by Gorog et al. (2004) in the context of determining whether these lineages represent deep prePleistocene vicariant events or broad Pleistocene migrations over the Sunda Shelf associated with formation of land bridges and insular isolation with subsequent rising sea level. Reviewed by Corbet and Hill (1992).
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Synonyms:

    asper (Miller, 1900)
    batamanus (Lyon, 1907)
    batus (Miller, 1911)
    coritzae (Sody, 1941)
    klossi (Bonhote, 1906)
    mandus (Lyon, 1908)
    melanurus (Shamel, 1940)
    melinogaster (Cabrera, 1920)
    perlutus (Thomas, 1911)
    piratae (Chasen, 1940)
    subitus (Chasen, 1940)

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