Linguistics 105

Why do only human beings speak?

Instructor Robert Beard

Office 241 Vaughan Literature

Hours MWF 2:00-3:00 or by appointment

Telephone 577-1336

E-mail

News
Course Objectives
Course Management & Organization
Course Grading

Course Readings
Course Roster
Course Tutor Cyndi Doan

The Linguistics 105 On-Line Toolbox

Second Chance Problems If you are dissatisfied with the grade you receive on any graded homework assignment or ARO you may do additional work to improve your grade. The links below will be activated after the graded homework on the topic has been returned. The make-up grade will be averaged with the original grade for your grade on the assignment in question. Make-up work is treated as a take-home quiz: you must do it on your own without discussing it with anyone.

Phonology Second Chance

Morphology Second Chance
(MS Word Document)

Historical Linguistics Second Chance

Third Chance: Paper Topics

While LN 105 is a self-contained course which teaches many linguistic terms, there is a set of basic terms which will help things run more smoothly in the course. The best way to review these basic terms before or during the course is with the glossary of basic linguistic terms on Jerry Mead's Glossary Wizard.
To use Glossary Wizard simply click the category or categories you want to review. You might like to 'Review the Selected Categories' first, to get an idea of the number and nature of the terms in that category. The next step is to see if you can match term to definition and vice versa. As a final check, you probably would want to try the electronic 'Flash Cards' to test you ability to define each term.

Cybereview Sessions Professor Beard's Virtual Office will be open for homework and ARO review sessions. Times will be announced in the banner, the syllabus, and in class. The purpose of the virtual review sessions is to provide a venue for discussing homework problems with the instructor while you are doing them. Our thanks to John Wilkins for helping make Cybereview possible.

A Web of On-Line Grammars Click here to go to an index of on-line grammars of a wide array of languages from around the world: English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Bengali, Dutch, Hebrew, Latin, Quechua, Seneca, Welsh, Swahili—and more are being added every day.

Lexicon of Linguistics For a more thorough listing of all linguistic terminology you may use this dictionary of terms prepared by OTS of the University of Utrecht. While it does not offter the self-testing mechanisms of Glossary Wizard, it does contain very accurate definitions of virtually all the specialized terms of linguistics.

Word Games Not-just-for-fun department: Merriam-Webster, the dictionary folks, sponsors these games which help you build vocabulary in interesting and intriguing ways. No credit in the course, but you will receive credit for your strong vocabulary the rest of your life.

Linguistics 105 Fonts Linguistics fonts are installed in the computer laboratories in Taylor 204 and Rooke 17. In order to use them, you have to (re)start the computer in Windows 95 mode (not Windows NT). You do that be selecting Windows 95 from the menu on the screen at startup before Windows NT, the default operating system, loads.

If you are using the Windows platform, you may download the Linguistics 105 fonts by clicking here. They are in a self-extracting file. Download it into your a temporary file, then go to it via Windows Explorer or 'My Computer' and double click the file lingfont.exe. That file will automatically expand into five TTF font files, several keyboard files, and a text file. Next, open the 'Fonts' folder in 'Control Panel' (in your 'My Computer' file) and under 'File', choose 'Install Fonts'. Select the five TTF fonts in your temporary file.

If you are using a MacIntosh, you may download the Linguistics 105 fonts here. Save the file to your desktop then drag and drop it into your Unstuffit' file. Double click the .sea file which Unstuffit generates and an LN 105 font folder will appear. Drag the two fonts in that folder to your system folder.

On either platform, once the Linguistic 105 fonts are installed in your computer, you must install them in your browser. Here is how you do that.

Netscape Communicator 4.05 or 4.5: Go to the menu 'Edit / Preferences / Fonts' and select 'For the encoding: User Defined'. Choose 'Linguistics 105' for your user-defined proportional font and 'Courier LN 105' for your user-defined fixed-width font, then click 'OK'. Next, return to the 'View' or 'Options' menu and at the very bottom and under 'Character Set' or 'Document Encoding', select 'User Defined'. You are now ready to do the phonetic exercises for Linguistics 105.

MS Internet Explorer: Under 'View / Internet Options' choose 'Fonts'. On the font menu select 'User Defined' and set the proportional font for 'Linguistics 105' and the fixed-width font for 'Courier LN 105'. Click 'OK' until you are back in your browser. Next open 'View / Fonts' and select 'User Defined.

Sagittal Section Exercises These special exercises, created by Mary Beth James, Patrick Leary and Randy Faust of Bucknell's CCS Multimedia Development Team, allow you to see where the tongue is placed when you pronounce the basic phonemes of US English. These exercises require that you .

The Vowel Display (Patrick Leary)

The Consonant Display (Randy Faust)

C o u r s e S c h e d u l e
D A T E	T O P I C	ASSIGNMENTS LF=Language Files; ODA=O'Grady, Dobrovolsky & Aronoff


August 25	0. Introduction to the Course	LF 1.1 Course Objectives
Wednesday

August 27	1. A Survey of Linguistics	LF 1.2 Major Subfields of Linguistics
Friday		LF 1.3 Speech and Writing
	What is Linguistics?	LF 1.5 Prescriptive vs. Descriptive Rules

August 30	2. What is language?	Read ODA Chapter 1
Monday		LF 1.4 What do you know when...?
		LF 1.6 Arbitrariness of Language

September 1	3. Phonetic Transcription	Read ODA 2.1-3, 2.7
Wednesday	University of Stirling Phonology Site	LF 3.1 The sounds of speech
	English is Tough Stuff	Write out ODA p. 57, 1-2 & 8

September 3	Phonetic Transcription II	Read ODA 2.3-2.6
Friday	Articulatory Organs	LF 3.2 The articulation of consonants
	Glottis	Write out ODA pp. 57-58, 6-7

September 6	4. The Properties of Consonants Glossary of Phonetics	Read ODA 2.6 & LF 3.3 Articulation and description of vowels
Monday	Consonant Exercises	Write out LF 3.5, Exercises 1-7 (first 20 only)
	Consonant Self-Check	Consonant classes (U. Stirling)

September 8	5. The Properties of Vowels	Read ODA 2.8-2.10 & LF 3.6 Natural classes
Wednesday	Vowel Exercises	Read ODA pp. 59-61, "Student Linguist"
	Vowel Self-Check	Write out problem No. 1 (Click here)

September 10	The Articulation of Speech Film: Normal Speech Articulation	Read ODA 3.0-3.3
Friday	Sagittal Section Consonants	Write out problem No. 2 (Click here) (Graded)*
	Sagittal Section Vowels	Prepare LF 3.4 Sagittal section exercises

September 13	6. Phonemes and Allophones	Read ODA 3.0-3.5
Monday		Read LF 4.2 & 4.3: Phonology & How to solve phonological problems

September 15	Phonology & Phonological	Read ODA 3.6-3.9
Wednesday	Rules [Canadian raising]	Study this
		Read LF 4.2 & Write out LF 4.4: 2.2-2.5

September 14 Thursday	Homework Help Session 10:00-11:00 pm Identification Flash Cards	(If I'm not there, call me at 524-9240)

September 16	Phonology & Phonological	Read Student Linguist, ODA pp. 114-6
Friday	Rules (Discussion of Homework)	Write out LF 4.4: 1.1-1.5

September 20	Phonology & Phonological
Monday	Rules

September 22 Wednesday	Review: Phonetics and Phonology Identification Flash Cards	*Write out LF 4.4: 2.6-3.1 (Graded) Review everything!

September 24	Review: Phonetics and Phonology	Discussion of Graded Homework Friday—Parents Weekend

September 26	Cybereview Session 10:00-11:00 pm Identification Flash Cards	Sunday

September 27	ARO No. 1 Phonetics and Phonology	Monday

September 29	[Review Phonology ARO]	Read ODA 4.0-4.2
Wednesday	7. Introduction to Morphology	Read LF 5.1 The minimal units of meaning

October 1	8. Morphological Conditional Variants	Read ODA 4.4-4.5
Friday		LF 5.5 How to solve morphological problems Write out ODA 1-3, pp. 155

October 4	Inflectional Morphology I	Read ODA 4.4
Monday	9.1 Morphological Categories: Nouns	Read LF 5.4 Word formation
		Write out ODA 6-9, pp. 156-7

October 6	Inflectional Morphology II	Read ODA 4.3
Wednesday	9.2 Morphological Categories: Verbs	Write out LF 5.6: 1.1-4

October 8	Derivational Categories	Write out LF 5.6: 1.5-8 (Graded)
Friday	10. Word Formation: Lexical Derivation

Fall Break (NOT 'Vacation'!)

October 13	Derivation: Compounds	Write out LF 5.6: 2.1 & 2.2
Wednesday	11. Compounding

October 15	12. Lexical Stock Expansion	LF 43 Morphology: Word formation processes
Friday	Discussion of Homework	*LF 5.6: 2.3-2.5 (Make-up)

October 17	Cybereview of Morphology in Prof. Beard's Virtual Office -- 10:00 pm Review the Morphology Flashcards	Sunday

October 18	ARO No. 2 Morphology	Monday

October 20	14. The Structure of the Human Brain	Read ODA 11.1-2
Wednesday	[Review Morphology ARO]	Jim Romig's brain & mind notes (Drake University)

October 22	Neurolinguistics: Language & the Brain	Read LF 9.1 Language and the brain
Friday	15. Aphasic Speech Disorders	Read ODA 11.3-6 and "Different Minds"--William's Syndrome

October 25	Psycholinguistics: Language Processing	Read ODA 10 Read LF 9.10 Adult language processing
Monday	16. Processing Errors in Speech	Read LF 9.11 Errors in speech production

October 27	Human Language Acquisition	Read ODA 12.1-2
Wednesday	17. Language Acquisition in Humans	LF 9.2 The innateness hypothesis
		LF 9.3 Theories of language acquisition
		LF 9.5 The acquisition of phonology

October 29	Human Language Acquisition	Read ODA 12.3-5
Friday	Video: Wild Children	LF 9.6 The acquisition of morphology and syntax
		LF 9.8 Milestones in motor and language

November 1	Language Acquisition in Humans	Read ODA 12.5-6
Monday	and Other Species

November 3	Communication and Language	Read ODA 16.1-2
Wednesday	18. The Birds and the Bees	Read LF 2.1 True language?
		Read ODA 16.3-4 LF 2.2 The birds and the bees

November 5	Video: Can Chimpanzees Speak?
Friday

November 8	Acquisition in Nonhuman Primates		Read ODA 16.5-7;Read LF 2.3 Primate studies
Monday	19. Language Acquisition Among Pongids

November 10	Historical Linguistics	Read ODA 8.1-4
Wednesday	Video: In Search of the First language

November 12	The Comparative Method: Indo-European	LF 10.1 Linguistic change
Friday	21. Tracking Linguistic Drift I	LF 10.2 The family tree and wave models

November 15	Historical Linguistics: *PIE for everyone!	Read ODA 8.6-8
Monday	21. Tracking Linguistic Drift II	Write out ODA pp. 340, 1a-j and 343, 10a-j

November 17	Historical Linguistics: Indo-European
Wednesday	22. The (Proto-)Indo-European Language*	Write out ODA pp. 341: 2, 4-5

November 19	Historical Linguistics: Indo-European	Play with these
Friday	23. Indo-European Etymology	EXERCISES

Monday	No class today due to the illness of Professor Beard	A good opportunity to get ahead in historical linguistics
November 22

Thanksgiving Holidays—Drive Safe, Have Fun

November 29	Historical Linguistics: English	Write out ODA pp. 340: 6, 11, 15 (Graded)
Monday	24. The History of the English Language

December 1	Review Psycholinguistics and Historical
Wednesday	Linguistics

December 2	Cybereview of Processing and Historical Linguistics in Prof. Beard's Virtual Office --10:00 pm Processing and Historical Flashcards (Review the phonology & morphology, too)	Thursday

December 3	ARO No. 3 Psycholinguistics and Historical Linguistics	Monday

December 5	Review the Final ARO	Friday

Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837
�1996Robert Beard

Instructor	Robert Beard
Office	241 Vaughan Literature
Hours	MWF 2:00-3:00 or by appointment
Telephone	577-1336
E-mail
News

Course Objectives

Course Management & Organization

Course Grading

Course Readings

Course Roster

Course Tutor Cyndi Doan


The Linguistics 105 On-Line Toolbox
Second Chance Problems If you are dissatisfied with the grade you receive on any graded homework assignment or ARO you may do additional work to improve your grade. The links below will be activated after the graded homework on the topic has been returned. The make-up grade will be averaged with the original grade for your grade on the assignment in question. Make-up work is treated as a take-home quiz: you must do it on your own without discussing it with anyone. Phonology Second Chance Morphology Second Chance (MS Word Document) Historical Linguistics Second Chance Third Chance: Paper Topics
While LN 105 is a self-contained course which teaches many linguistic terms, there is a set of basic terms which will help things run more smoothly in the course. The best way to review these basic terms before or during the course is with the glossary of basic linguistic terms on Jerry Mead's Glossary Wizard. To use Glossary Wizard simply click the category or categories you want to review. You might like to 'Review the Selected Categories' first, to get an idea of the number and nature of the terms in that category. The next step is to see if you can match term to definition and vice versa. As a final check, you probably would want to try the electronic 'Flash Cards' to test you ability to define each term.
Cybereview Sessions Professor Beard's Virtual Office will be open for homework and ARO review sessions. Times will be announced in the banner, the syllabus, and in class. The purpose of the virtual review sessions is to provide a venue for discussing homework problems with the instructor while you are doing them. Our thanks to John Wilkins for helping make Cybereview possible.
A Web of On-Line Grammars Click here to go to an index of on-line grammars of a wide array of languages from around the world: English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Bengali, Dutch, Hebrew, Latin, Quechua, Seneca, Welsh, Swahili—and more are being added every day.
Lexicon of Linguistics For a more thorough listing of all linguistic terminology you may use this dictionary of terms prepared by OTS of the University of Utrecht. While it does not offter the self-testing mechanisms of Glossary Wizard, it does contain very accurate definitions of virtually all the specialized terms of linguistics.
Word Games Not-just-for-fun department: Merriam-Webster, the dictionary folks, sponsors these games which help you build vocabulary in interesting and intriguing ways. No credit in the course, but you will receive credit for your strong vocabulary the rest of your life.
Linguistics 105 Fonts Linguistics fonts are installed in the computer laboratories in Taylor 204 and Rooke 17. In order to use them, you have to (re)start the computer in Windows 95 mode (not Windows NT). You do that be selecting Windows 95 from the menu on the screen at startup before Windows NT, the default operating system, loads. If you are using the Windows platform, you may download the Linguistics 105 fonts by clicking here. They are in a self-extracting file. Download it into your a temporary file, then go to it via Windows Explorer or 'My Computer' and double click the file lingfont.exe. That file will automatically expand into five TTF font files, several keyboard files, and a text file. Next, open the 'Fonts' folder in 'Control Panel' (in your 'My Computer' file) and under 'File', choose 'Install Fonts'. Select the five TTF fonts in your temporary file. If you are using a MacIntosh, you may download the Linguistics 105 fonts here. Save the file to your desktop then drag and drop it into your Unstuffit' file. Double click the .sea file which Unstuffit generates and an LN 105 font folder will appear. Drag the two fonts in that folder to your system folder. On either platform, once the Linguistic 105 fonts are installed in your computer, you must install them in your browser. Here is how you do that. Netscape Communicator 4.05 or 4.5: Go to the menu 'Edit / Preferences / Fonts' and select 'For the encoding: User Defined'. Choose 'Linguistics 105' for your user-defined proportional font and 'Courier LN 105' for your user-defined fixed-width font, then click 'OK'. Next, return to the 'View' or 'Options' menu and at the very bottom and under 'Character Set' or 'Document Encoding', select 'User Defined'. You are now ready to do the phonetic exercises for Linguistics 105. MS Internet Explorer: Under 'View / Internet Options' choose 'Fonts'. On the font menu select 'User Defined' and set the proportional font for 'Linguistics 105' and the fixed-width font for 'Courier LN 105'. Click 'OK' until you are back in your browser. Next open 'View / Fonts' and select 'User Defined.
Sagittal Section Exercises These special exercises, created by Mary Beth James, Patrick Leary and Randy Faust of Bucknell's CCS Multimedia Development Team, allow you to see where the tongue is placed when you pronounce the basic phonemes of US English. These exercises require that you . The Vowel Display (Patrick Leary) The Consonant Display (Randy Faust)