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SPECIES Equus hemionus

Author:Pallas, 1775.
Citation:Nova Comm. Imp. Acad. Sci. Petrop., 19: 394.
Common Name:Onager
Type Locality:"ad Lacum Tarei Dauuriae", i.e. Russia, Transbaikalia, S Chitinsk. Obl., Tarei-Nor, 50°N, 115°E.
Distribution:Formerly much of Mongolia, north to Transbaikalia (Russia); east to NE Inner Mongolia (China) and possibly W Manchuria (China); and west to Dzhungarian Gate. Survives in SW and SC Mongolia and adjacent China; see Sokolov and Orlov (1980:248). Also formerly Kazakhstan north to upper Irtysh and Ural Rivers (Russia); westward north of the Caucasus and Black Sea at least to Dniestr River (Ukraine); Anatolia, Syria, and SE of Caspian Sea in N Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan to Thar Desert of NW India; survives as isolated populations in Rann of Kutch (India), Badkhys Preserve, Turkmenistan, and C Iran; also reestablished on Barsa-Khelmes Isl (Aral Sea, Uzbekistan); until 17th-18th centuries in Armenia and Azerbaidjan.
Status:CITES – Appendix I as E. h. hemionus, E. onager and E. onager khur; otherwise Appendix II; U.S. ESA – Endangered; IUCN – Extinct E. h. hemippus, Critically Endangered as E. h. onager and E. h. kulan, Endangered as E. h. khur, Vulnerable as E. hemionus, E. h. hemionus and E. h. luteus.
Comments:Revised by Groves and Mazák (1967), Groves (1986), and Schlawe (1986), who included onager in hemionus. Bennett (1980) considered onager (including hemippus, khur, and kulan) to be a distinct species. Nominate subspecies is also known by common name Kulan or Dzigetai; luteus doubtfully separable from it. Groves (2003) considered khur as a species separate from E. hemionus.
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Offspring:

SUBSPECIES hemionus

SUBSPECIES blanfordi

SUBSPECIES hemippus

SUBSPECIES khur

SUBSPECIES kulan

SUBSPECIES luteus

SUBSPECIES onager

Synonyms:


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