HOME --> CLASS MAMMALIA
--> ORDER RODENTIA
--> SUBORDER MYOMORPHA
--> SUPERFAMILY Muroidea
--> FAMILY Cricetidae
--> SUBFAMILY Arvicolinae
--> GENUS Microtus
--> SUBGENUS Mynomes
SPECIES Microtus (Mynomes) pennsylvanicus
Author: | Ord, 1815. | Citation: | In Guthrie, New Geogr., Hist., Comml., Grammar, Philadelphia, 2nd ed., 2: 292. | Common Name: | Meadow Vole | Type Locality: | USA, Pennsylvania, "meadows below Philadelphia." | Distribution: | Meadowlands interspersed across boreal and mixed coniferous-deciduous biomes of North America: C Alaska to Labrador, including Newfoundland and Prince Edward Isl, Canada; south in Rocky Mountains to N New Mexico, in Great Plains to N Kansas (see Frey and Moore, 1990), and in Appalachians and along eastern seaboard to N Georgia and South Carolina, USA; outlier populations in W New Mexico and peninsular Florida, USA, and in N Chihuahua, México. | Status: | U.S. ESA—Endangered as M. p. dukecampbelli; IUCN – Vulnerable as M. p. dukecampbelli, Lower Risk (nt) as M. p. admiraltiae, M. p. kincaidi, M. p. provectus, and M. p. shattucki, not evaluated as M. p. chihuahuensis, otherwise Lower Risk (lc). | Comments: | Subgenus Mynomes, pennsylvanicus species group (Zagorodnyuk, 1990). Proposed as conspecific with Old World M. agrestis by Klimkiewicz (1970), but G-banded chromosomal differences support their recognition as distinct species (Modi, 1987; Vorontsov and Lyapunova, 1986). Aside from the probable insular derivative M. breweri (see that account), pennsylvanicus is closely related to M. montanus and M. townsendii among New World species (see Conroy and Cook, 2000a; Hooper and Hart, 1962; Modi, 1987; Moore and Janecek, 1990). Insular form provectus relegated to subspecific status by Chamberlain (1954) and Moyer et al. (1988), and nesophilus by Jones et al. (1986). Regional studies of variation undertaken (e.g., Anderson, 1956; Anderson and Hubbard, 1971; Weddle and Choate, 1983), but comprehensive review of entire species warranted. Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetational and climatic changes discussed by Woods et al. (1982) apropos isolation of the Florida population (dukecambelli) and other arvicoline austral relicts. Intricate study of M3 variation in fossil and extant samples conducted by Barnosky (1993), who attempted to infer microevolutionary processes from broad stratigraphic and geographic patterns. See Reich (1981, Mammalian Species, 159). |
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| Offspring: | Synonyms:
acadicus Bangs, 1897 admiraltiae Heller, 1909 alborufescens (Emmons, 1840) alcorni Baker, 1951 aphorodemus Preble, 1902 arcticus Cowan, 1951 aztecus (J. A. Allen, 1893) chihuahuensis Bradley and Cockrum, 1968 copelandi Youngman, 1967 dekayi (Audubon and Bachman, 1854) drummondii (Audubon and Bachman, 1853) stonei J. A. Allen, 1899 dukecampbelli Woods, Post, and Kilpatrick, 1982 enixus Bangs, 1896 finitus S. Anderson, 1956 fontigenus Bangs, 1896 fulva (Audubon and Bachman, 1841) funebris Dale, 1940 hirsutus (Emmons, 1840) inspectus (J. A. Allen, 1899) insperatus (J. A. Allen, 1894) insularis Bailey, 1898 kincaidi Dalquest, 1941 labradorius Bailey, 1898 longipilis (Baird, 1857) magdalenensis Youngman, 1967 microcephalus (Rhoads, 1894) modestus (Baird, 1857) nasuta (Audubon and Bachman, 1841) nesophilus Bailey, 1898 nigrans Rhoads, 1897 noveboracensis (Rafinesque, 1820) oneida (DeKay, 1842) palustris (Harlan, 1825) pratensis (Rafinesque, 1817) provectus Bangs, 1908 pullatus S. Anderson, 1956 riparius (Ord, 1825) rubidus Dale, 1940 rufescens (DeKay, 1842) rufidorsum (Baird, 1857) shattucki Howe, 1901 tananaensis Baker, 1951 terraenovae (Bangs, 1894) uligocola S. Anderson, 1956 wahema Bailey, 1920
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