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SPECIES Ursus arctos

Author:Linnaeus, 1758.
Citation:Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1: 47.
Common Name:Brown Bear
Type Locality:"sylvis Europć frigidć" restricted by Thomas (1911a) to "Northern Sweden."
Distribution:Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bhutan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, N and W China, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan (Hokkaido), Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macdeonia, N Mexico, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway, N Pakistan, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, W USA.
Status:CITES – Appendix I as U. arctos (Mexico, Bhutan, China, and Mongolia populations) and U. a. isabellinus; otherwise Appendix II. U. S. ESA – Endangered as U. arctos pruinosus, as U. arctos in Mexico, and as U. a. arctos in Italy. Threatened as U. a. horribilis in the USA (48 conterminous states) except where listed as Experimental Non Essential Populations in portions of Idaho and Montana; IUCN – Extinct as U. a. nelsoni, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).
Comments:Reviewed by Erdbrink (1953), Couturier (1954), Rausch (1963a), Kurtén (1973), Hall (1984) and Pasitschniak-Arts (1993). Ognev (1931) and Allen (1938) recognized U. pruinosus as distinct; not followed by Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951), Gao (1987), and Stroganov (1962). Lönnberg (1923b) believed that differences between pruinosus and arctos warranted subgeneric distinction as (Mylarctos) pruinosus; however, this was not supported by Pocock's (1932b) thorough revision. Synonyms allocated according to Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1966) and Hall (1984).
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Offspring:

SUBSPECIES arctos

SUBSPECIES alascensis

SUBSPECIES beringianus

SUBSPECIES californicus

SUBSPECIES collaris

SUBSPECIES crowtheri

SUBSPECIES dalli

SUBSPECIES gyas

SUBSPECIES horribilis

SUBSPECIES isabellinus

SUBSPECIES lasiotus

SUBSPECIES middendorffi

SUBSPECIES pruinosus

SUBSPECIES sitkensis

SUBSPECIES stikeenensis

SUBSPECIES syriacus

Synonyms:


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