1. (12 points) Match the most appropriate letter with each numbered partner.

(1) _____ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) A. Process by which a gene is split into two strands copied over and over by enzymes; most common

(2) _____ cloned DNA type of gene amplification

B. Caused by a unique array of RFLPs inherited

(3) _____ DNA fingerprint from each parent

C. Small circular DNA molecules that carry only a

(4) _____ recombinant DNA technology few genes D. Cuts DNA molecules

(5) _____ plasmids E. Multiple, identical copies of DNA fragments

from an original chromosome

(6) _____ restriction enzymes F. Method of genetic engineering

2. (8 points) Briefly describe any 2 techniques for moving foreign DNA into plant cells.

3. (4 points) In gel electrophoresis, the DNA moves to which electrical pole, + or -?

What two properties affect the distance traveled by a DNA fragment? __________________________

__________________________

4. (8 points) Briefly describe two reasons why DNA taken directly from human cells cannot be transcribed/translated in bacterial cells.?

5. (4 points) What tissue functions in food storage in dicot seeds? __________________________

What tissue functions in food storage in monocot seeds? __________________________

6. (5 points) Briefly contrast sieve tubes and companion cells.

7. (12 points) Briefly describe any 3 differences in development between plants and animals. (Both the animal and the plant traits must be described.)

8. (10 points) Plants elongate more rapidly in shade than in sun. Explain this on the basis of changing phytochrome populations.

(c) How many sperm are produced per pollen?

10. (6 points) The two mechanisms of water transport up stems occur in different environmental conditions. Match as appropriate:

(1) tension-cohesion a. wet soils, humid air

(2) root pressure b. dry soils, dry air

11. (4 points) Name 2 environmental conditions that cause stomates to close.

12. (10 points) Describe the evidence that phytochrome is involved in the measurement of night length in photoperiodism.

13. (8 points) Each of the following is a process involving several hormones. Briefly state the effect of each hormone listed.

apical dominance: auxin--

cytokinin--

leaf senescence: cytokinin--

ethylene--

14. (5 points) Placing many fruits (for example, avocados, bananas) in an air-tight paper bag accelerates ripening. What is the scientific basis for this?